During the last glacial maximum, Earth’s ice volume was more than double what it is today—dropping sea levels by 400 to 450 feet. We’re in a brief interglacial phase now, but what causes the shift between glacial and interglacial? Still a mystery. Yet modern climate discourse rarely touches this deep cycle—because it challenges the narrative of total human control. | The Randall Carlson

At the last glacial maximum, North America wasn’t just cold...it was entombed. Two massive ice sheets dominated the continent: the Laurentide, rivaling Antarctica in scale, and the Cordilleran, larger than modern Greenland. As the ice age ended, more ice melted than what exists on Earth today. This wasn’t a gentle thaw. It was the loss of an entire frozen world. | The Randall Carlson