Background Immune-mediated processes leading to childhood type 1 diabetes may begin in fetal life. We hypothesised that a ...

Background Child dental caries is highly prevalent worldwide, with significant treatment costs, but its broader societal ...

Background Individuals with a learning disability (also referred as intellectual disability in international literature) comprise 1% of the global population. They often require medication for chronic ...

Background Residential segregation is considered a social determinant of health, but there is limited evidence of its impact on tuberculosis (TB). We investigated the associations between municipality ...

Background Obesity prevalence differs by neighbourhood. One such characteristic of these neighbourhoods is the level of socioeconomic disadvantage. Understanding the nature of neighbourhood ...

The Netflix series Adolescence has been viewed over 140 million times, sparking international debate about a potential ‘crisis of masculinity’. Young men who lack positive role models and feel ...

Background Electrification of the light vehicle fleet is a core component of decarbonisation policy globally. As transport is an important determinant of health, this process will likely impact a ...

Background Associations between social factors and self-rated general health are well-established, and self-rated general health is a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality. However most studies ...

As the COVID-19 pandemic took hold in 2020, Chief Medical Officers (CMOs) entered the public spotlight like never before. Amidst this increased visibility, the role is deeply contested. Much of the ...

Health impact assessments look at the effect on health of policies implemented outside the healthcare sector. A glossary is provided in the following article.