I'd start by focusing on the fact that spectroscopy is essentially a series of unrelated disciplines, since lots of phenomena can be described along a spectrum. So, for example, mass spec and NMR ...

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique used to identify and quantify molecules based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). It provides valuable information about the chemical composition, ...

The spectrum of a substance — how it interacts with light — provides fundamental insight into its composition. A large number of molecules is typically required to obtain a detectable light-absorption ...