Two independent studies have illuminated unexpected substructures in the fundamental components of all matter. Preliminary results using a novel tagging method could explain the origin of the ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. The Universe is out there, waiting for you to discover it. A proton isn't just three quarks and gluons, but a sea of dense ...

At a fundamental level, reality is determined by only two properties of our Universe: the quanta that make up everything that exists and the interactions that take place between them. While the rules ...

Like a quantum version of a whirling top, protons have angular momentum, known as spin. But the source of the subatomic particles’ spin has confounded physicists. Now scientists have confirmed that ...

Laboratory experiments have recreated the conditions that existed in the early universe before the quarks and gluons created in the big bang had formed the protons and neutrons that make up the world ...

Pentaquarks do not fit into the traditional quark model of hadrons, but understanding these exotic new particles is offering fresh insights into the subtleties of the strong interaction Five quarks In ...

If you buy something using links in our stories, we may earn a commission. Learn more. It often goes unmentioned that protons, the positively charged matter particles at the center of atoms, are part ...

The proton’s antimatter is out of whack. An imbalance between two types of antiparticles that seethe within the proton is even wonkier than previously thought, a new measurement indicates. Protons are ...

The exotic family of particles known as tetraquarks has a surprising new member. Dubbed T cc +, it's the first tetraquark to contain two heavy quarks and two light antiquarks, and it's the ...

Researchers probe deep inside the antimatter of a tiny particle at the center of every atom. A glittering snowflake. The wings of a butterfly. A beeswax honeycomb. These and many other objects found ...