An observational study of endangered Rüppell’s vultures identified 16 call types and substantial variation among them, while ...

• Accounting for bias is a major challenge confronting the use of observational data to gain important insights into real-world treatment effects. • No single study design will satisfy all information ...

An observational study of a large online labor platform found that a worker-offered financial guarantee was associated with ...

Observational studies are critical in evaluating the long-term safety and effectiveness of new therapies on patients’ lives. However, two major shifts are significantly changing the research ...

Led by researchers at NDORMS as part of the Data Analysis and Real World Interrogation Network (DARWIN EU) initiative, a new European study has shown that carefully designed observational studies can ...

Emerging treatments for advanced cholangiocarcinoma: Addressing the knowledge gap. Background: HCC is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. LEN is now a first-line treatment option for ...

• Heterogeneity in treatment effects is likely to be ubiquitous, and the failure to detect it represents a failure of science. • Hidden heterogeneity often leads to misleading results from randomized ...