The clinical determination of the intravascular volume can be extremely difficult in critically ill and injured patients as well as those undergoing major surgery. This is problematic as fluid loading ...

Various methods have been developed to help determine if patients have achieved their “dry weight.” The standard goal of ultrafiltration (UF) is the achievement of “dry weight,” defined as the lowest ...

Plasma volume regulation lies at the heart of managing both acute and chronic manifestations of heart failure. Excess intravascular volume contributes to ventricular wall stress, pulmonary congestion ...

Hct-BVM (Crit Line III, Hemametrics) is an optical density monitor that can detect and visually display the continuous recording of changes in hematocrit, relative blood volume and oxygen saturation ...