Experiments in which systems of interacting electrons are split apart reveal the signatures of a liquid-like state — even for as few as three electrons. Read the paper: Evidence of Coulomb liquid ...

Note: This video is designed to help the teacher better understand the lesson and is NOT intended to be shown to students. It includes observations and conclusions that students are meant to make on ...

The distribution of outermost shell electrons, known as valence electrons, of organic molecules was observed for the first time. As the interactions between atoms are governed by the valence electrons ...

In a plasma wakefield accelerator large-amplitude electric fields result from space-charge waves excited by the passage of an ultra-relativistic electron beam through a plasma 12. A fully ionized ...

Note: This video is designed to help the teacher better understand the lesson and is NOT intended to be shown to students. It includes observations and conclusions that students are meant to make on ...

Electrons can freeze into strange geometric crystals and then melt back into liquid-like motion under the right quantum conditions. Researchers identified how to tune these transitions and even ...